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  • Improvement of nuclear semi-empirical mass formula by including shell effect
    2025, 49(11): 114103-114103-9. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/ade954
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    Shell effect plays an important role in nuclear mass predictions, especially for the nuclei around the magic numbers. In this study, a new semi-empirical shell correction term is constructed to improve the mass description of the Bethe-Weizsäcker (BW) formula. For nuclei with $ Z,~N \geqslant 8$, the root mean square (rms) deviation of the newly proposed formula with respect to the latest nuclear mass evaluation dataset AME2020 is 0.887 MeV, inducing a 72.23% reduction compared to the rms deviation of 3.194 MeV for the BW formula. The deviations between the theoretical predictions and experimental data are within 1.5 MeV for 91.90% of the nuclei. In addition, the new mass formula significantly improves the predictions of the binding energies for magic nuclei. The rms deviation of our formula for the binding energy of magic nuclei is only 1.065 MeV, which is a 80.08% reduction compared with that of the BW formula.
  • Hawking tunneling radiation with thermodynamic pressure
    2026, 50(1): 015103-015103-8. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/ae07b4
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    Hawking radiation elucidates black holes as quantum thermodynamic systems, thereby establishing a conceptual bridge between general relativity and quantum mechanics through particle emission phenomena. While conventional theoretical frameworks predominantly focus on classical spacetime configurations, recent advancements in extended phase space thermodynamics have redefined cosmological parameters (such as the Λ-term) as dynamic variables. Notably, the thermodynamics of anti-de Sitter (AdS) black holes has been successfully extended to incorporate thermodynamic pressure P. Within this extended phase space framework, although numerous intriguing physical phenomena have been identified, the tunneling mechanism of particles incorporating pressure and volume remains unexplored. This study investigates Hawking radiation through particle tunneling in Schwarzschild AdS black holes within the extended phase space, where the thermodynamic pressure P is introduced via a dynamic cosmological constant Λ. By employing semi-classical tunneling calculations with self-gravitation corrections, we demonstrate that emission probabilities exhibit a direct correlation with variations in Bekenstein-Hawking entropy. Significantly, the radiation spectrum deviates from pure thermality, aligning with unitary quantum evolution while maintaining consistency with standard phase space results. Moreover, through thermodynamic analysis, we verified that the emission rate of particles is related to the difference in Bekenstein-Hawking entropy of the emitted particles before and after they tunnel through the potential barrier. These findings establish particle tunneling as a unified probe of quantum gravitational effects in black hole thermodynamics.
  • Valence quark distributions of pions: insights from Tsallis entropy
    2026, 50(1): 013103-013103-6. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/ae0998
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    We investigate the valence quark distributions of pions at a low initial scale ($Q^2_0$) using Tsallis entropy, a non-extensive measure that effectively captures long-range correlations among internal constituents. Utilizing the maximum entropy approach, we adopt two distinct functional forms and fit experimental data using the elegant GLR-MQ-ZRS evolution equation to derive the model parameters. Our findings indicate that the resulting valence quark distributions provide an optimal fit to the experimental data, with q values deviating from unity. This deviation indicates that correlations among valence quarks play a significant role in shaping understanding of the internal structures of pions. Additionally, our computations of the first three moments of the pion quark distributions at $ Q^2 = 4$ GeV2 display consistency with other theoretical models, thereby reinforcing the importance of incorporating valence quark correlations within this analytical framework.
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ISSN 1674-1137 CN 11-5641/O4

Original research articles, Ietters and reviews Covering theory and experiments in the fieids of

  • Particle physics
  • Nuclear physics
  • Particle and nuclear astrophysics
  • Cosmology
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