Motion of photons in a gravitational wave background

Zhe Chang; Chao-Guang Huang; Zhi-Chao Zhao

doi:10.1088/1674-1137/41/9/093108

Chinese Physics C> 2017, Vol. 41> Issue(9) : 093108 DOI: 10.1088/1674-1137/41/9/093108

Motion of photons in a gravitational wave background

Zhe Chang ^1,2,, ,
Chao-Guang Huang ^1,2,, ,
Zhi-Chao Zhao ^1,2,,

1.
Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
2.
School of Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Abstract
HTML
Reference
Related

PDF

Abstract：
Photon motion in a Michelson interferometer is re-analyzed in terms of both geometrical optics and wave optics. The classical paths of the photons in the background of a gravitational wave are derived from the Fermat principle, which is the same as the null geodesics in general relativity. The deformed Maxwell equations and the wave equations of electric fields in the background of a gravitational wave are presented in a flat-space approximation. Both methods show that even the envelope of the response of an interferometer depends on the frequency of a gravitational wave, but it is almost independent of the frequency of the mirror's vibrations.
- Fermat principle ,
- modified Maxwell equations ,
- time variation ,
- frequency dependency ,
- gravitational wave vs mirror swing

References

[1]	B. P. Abbott et al (LIGO Scientific Collaboration), Phys. Rev. Lett., 116:061102(2016)
[2]	B. P. Abbott et al (LIGO Scientific Collaboration), Phys. Rev. Lett., 116:241103(2016)
[3]	E. D. Black and R. N. Gutenkunst, Am. J. Phys., 71:365(2003)
[4]	B. Allen, W. G. Anderson, P. R. Brady, D. A. Brown, and J. D. E. Creighton, Phys. Rev. D, 85:122006(2012)
[5]	J. Aasi et al, Class. Quant. Grav., 32:074001(2015)
[6]	Z. Chang, C. G. Huang, and Z. C. Zhao, Sci. China-Phys. Mech. Astro., 59:100421(2016)
[7]	Z. Chang, C. G. Huang, and Z. C. Zhao, Chin. Phys. C, 41(2):025001(2017)
[8]	J. Mizuno, A. Rdiger, R. Schilling, W. Winkler, and K. Danzmann, Optics Commun., 138:383-393(1997)
[9]	E. D. Black and R. N. Gutenkunst, Am. J. Phys., 69:79-87(2001)
[10]	M. Rakhmanov, R. L. Savage, D. H. Reitze et al, Phys. Lett. A, 305:239-244(2002)
[11]	J. Markowitz, R. Savage, and P. Schwinberg, LIGO Technical Document T030186-00-W (2003)
[12]	M. Rakhmanov, F. Bondu, O. Debieu et al, Class. Quantum Grav., 21:S487(2004)
[13]	M. Rakhmanov, Phys. Rev. D, 71:084003(2005)
[14]	M. Rakhmanov, J. D. Romano, and J. T. Whelan, Class. Quantum Grav., 25:184017(2008)
[15]	B. P. Abbott (LIGO Scientific Collaboration), arXiv:1602.03845
[16]	J. Mizuno, Comparison of optical configurations for laser-interferomettric gravitational-wave detectors, Ph.D. Thesis, (Hannover University)
[17]	L. D. Landau and E. M. Lifshitz, The classical theory of fields, 4th edition (Amsterdam:Butterworth-Heinemann, 1980)
[18]	K. S. Thorne, Gravitational radiation in Three hundred years of gravitation, ed by S. W. Hawking and W. Israel, (Cambridge:Cambridge University Press, 1987)

[1]	Yu-Xin Wang , Shang-Jie Jin , Tian-Yang Sun , Jing-Fei Zhang , Xin Zhang . Rapid identification of time-frequency domain gravitational wave signals from binary black holes using deep learning. Chinese Physics C, 2024, 48(12): 125107. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/ad73ac
[2]	Mingjun Wu , Jin Li , Qingquan Jiang . Simulation of high-frequency gravitational wave detection using modulated Gaussian beam. Chinese Physics C, 2023, 47(10): 105104. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/ace9c3
[3]	Andrea Addazi , Antonino Marcianò . Limiting majoron self-interactions from gravitational wave experiments. Chinese Physics C, 2018, 42(2): 023105. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/42/2/023105
[4]	Xin Li , Li Tang , Hai-Nan Lin , Li-Li Wang . Testing the variation of the fine structure constant with strongly lensed gravitational waves. Chinese Physics C, 2018, 42(9): 095104. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/42/9/095104
[5]	Zhe Chang , Chao-Guang Huang , Zhi-Chao Zhao . Is GW151226 really a gravitational wave signal?. Chinese Physics C, 2017, 41(2): 025001. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/41/2/025001
[6]	Hao Wen , Fang-Yu Li , Jin Li , Zhen-Yun Fang , Andrew Beckwith . Very high-frequency gravitational waves from magnetars and gamma-ray bursts. Chinese Physics C, 2017, 41(12): 125101. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/41/12/125101
[7]	Jing Wang , Jian-Long Huang , Xiao-Qi Zhang , Bin Zhang , Yuan He , Zhou-Li Zhang , Ai-Min Shi . Frequency tuning with RFQ temperature in China ADS Injector Ⅱ. Chinese Physics C, 2016, 40(3): 037003. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/40/3/037003
[8]	Jia-Jun Zheng , Yong-Liang Yang , Bao-Gen Sun , Fang-Fang Wu , Chao-Cai Cheng , Kai Tang , Jun-Hao Wei . Central RF frequency measurement of the HLS-Ⅱ storage ring. Chinese Physics C, 2016, 40(4): 047005. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/40/4/047005
[9]	null . Signal photon flux generated by high-frequency relic gravitational waves. Chinese Physics C, 2016, 40(8): 085101. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/40/8/085101
[10]	Wen-Jun Chen , Hong Ma , De Yu , Xiao-Hu Zeng . Numerical solution to the Bloch equations: paramagnetic solutions under wideband continuous radio frequency irradiation in a pulsed magnetic field. Chinese Physics C, 2016, 40(8): 088201. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/40/8/088201
[11]	Xiao-Guo Jiang , Yuan Wang , Zhi-Yong Yang , Huang Zhang , Yi Wang . Time-resolved measurement technique for pulsed electron beam envelope basing on framing and streaking principle. Chinese Physics C, 2016, 40(1): 017003. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/40/1/017003
[12]	HE Shou-Bo , HE Yuan , YUE Wei-Ming , ZHANG Cong , ZHANG Sheng-Hu , WANG Zhi-Jun , ZHAO Hong-Wei , LIU Lu-Bei , WANG Feng-Feng . Study on the frequency tuning of the half-wave resonator at IMP. Chinese Physics C, 2014, 38(6): 067007. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/38/6/067007
[13]	XIONG Zheng-Feng , ZHENG Shu-Xin , XING Qing-Zi , GUAN Xia-Ling . The radio-frequency design of an iris-type coupler for the CPHS radio-frequency quadrupole. Chinese Physics C, 2012, 36(1): 96-100. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/36/1/017
[14]	ZHOU Ling-Li , MA Bo-Qiang . New theory of Lorentz violation from a general principle. Chinese Physics C, 2011, 35(11): 987-991. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/35/11/001
[15]	QIAO Chuan , REN Zhong-Zhou . Uncertainty principle in larmor clock. Chinese Physics C, 2011, 35(11): 992-996. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/35/11/002
[16]	WANG Zhi , CHEN Jia-Er , LU Yuan-Rong , GUO Zhi-Yu , YAN Xue-Qing , ZHU Kun , KANG Ming-Lei , FANG Jia-Xun . Study of separated function radio frequency quadrupoles accelerator. Chinese Physics C, 2010, 34(4): 502-505. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/34/4/017
[17]	HE Xiao-Tao , REN Zhong-Zhou . Temporal variation of fundamental constants in ²²⁹Th transition. Chinese Physics C, 2008, 32(S2): 162-165.
[18]	WANG Xiang-Qi , HAO Hao , FENG Guang-Yao . Application of Frequency Map Analysis to HLS GPLS Mode. Chinese Physics C, 2006, 30(3): 238-241.
[19]	Lu Suiling , Ren Jingru , Su Shi , Wang Chengrui , He Mao . Variation of the Intensity of High Energy Cosmic Ray Hadrons with Altitude. Chinese Physics C, 1992, 16(S2): 123-125.
[20]	Wei Chunlin , Fu Deji , Xu Gongou . Variation of Nuclear Deformation with Z, N and Charge Independence of Nucleon-Nucleon Interactions. Chinese Physics C, 1990, 14(S3): 309-317.

Access

Get Citation

Zhe Chang, Chao-Guang Huang and Zhi-Chao Zhao. Motion of photons in a gravitational wave background[J]. Chinese Physics C, 2017, 41(9): 093108. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/41/9/093108

Zhe Chang, Chao-Guang Huang and Zhi-Chao Zhao. Motion of photons in a gravitational wave background[J]. Chinese Physics C, 2017, 41(9): 093108. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/41/9/093108 shu

RIS(for EndNote,Reference Manager,ProCite)

BibTex

Txt

Milestone

Received: 2017-06-12

Fund

Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (11275207, 11375203, 11690022, 11675182) and Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Multi-waveband Gravitational Wave Universe (XDB23040000)

Article Metric

Article Views(1543)
PDF Downloads(55)
Cited by(0)

Policy on re-use

To reuse of subscription content published by CPC, the users need to request permission from CPC, unless the content was published under an Open Access license which automatically permits that type of reuse.

通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

1.
沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142

Motion of photons in a gravitational wave background

Corresponding author: Zhe Chang,

Corresponding author: Chao-Guang Huang,

Corresponding author: Zhi-Chao Zhao,

1. Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

2. School of Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Received Date: 2017-06-12

Available Online: 2017-09-05

Fund Project: Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (11275207, 11375203, 11690022, 11675182) and Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Multi-waveband Gravitational Wave Universe (XDB23040000)

Abstract: Photon motion in a Michelson interferometer is re-analyzed in terms of both geometrical optics and wave optics. The classical paths of the photons in the background of a gravitational wave are derived from the Fermat principle, which is the same as the null geodesics in general relativity. The deformed Maxwell equations and the wave equations of electric fields in the background of a gravitational wave are presented in a flat-space approximation. Both methods show that even the envelope of the response of an interferometer depends on the frequency of a gravitational wave, but it is almost independent of the frequency of the mirror's vibrations.

HTML

Reference (18)

Motion of photons in a gravitational wave background

Abstract：

References

Access

Article Metrics

Metrics

通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

Email This Article