Emissions of fragments and mesons produced in heavy-ion collisions at CSR and related energies

Abstract: Using a multisource ideal gas (MSIG) model, we reconstruct the transverse emission source in the momentum space for light fragments produced in reactions ⁸⁶Kr-¹²⁴Sn at 25 MeV/nucleon and b=7—10 fm based on the theoretical predictions of the Isospin-Dependent Quantum Molecular Dynamics (IDQMD) model. We show that the MSIG model can reasonably describe the IDQMD-predicted results for the azimuthal distribution and the transverse momentum dependence of elliptic flow v₂ and fourth-order anisotropic flow v₄ but can only qualitatively describe the transverse momentum spectra. The azimuthal distributions of nuclear fragments produced in heavy-ion collisions at intermediate energies are studied by the MSIG model. The calculated results are compared and found to be in agreement with the experimental data of Ca-Ca, Nb-Nb, and Au-Au collisions at 150—800 MeV/nucleon beam energies. Meanwhile, the angular distributions of pions and kaons produced in heavy-ion collisions at the low-energy end (1—2 GeV/nucleon) of high energies are investigated by the MSIG model, too. The calculated results are compared and found to be in agreement with the experimental data of the KaoS Collaboration.