2012 Vol. 36, No. 5
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2012, 36(5): 385-389. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/36/5/001
Abstract:
The electromagnetic transition properties of the decuplet to octet baryon (Δ→Nγ) is studied within the framework of a hypercentral quark model. The confinement potential is assumed as a hypercentral coloumb plus linear potential. The transition magnetic moment and transition amplitude fM1 for the Δ→Nγ are in agreement with other theoretical predictions. The present result of the radiative decay width is found to be in excellent agreement with the experimental values reported by the particle data group over other theoretical model predictions.
The electromagnetic transition properties of the decuplet to octet baryon (Δ→Nγ) is studied within the framework of a hypercentral quark model. The confinement potential is assumed as a hypercentral coloumb plus linear potential. The transition magnetic moment and transition amplitude fM1 for the Δ→Nγ are in agreement with other theoretical predictions. The present result of the radiative decay width is found to be in excellent agreement with the experimental values reported by the particle data group over other theoretical model predictions.
2012, 36(5): 390-394. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/36/5/002
Abstract:
Magnetic moments of octet baryons are parameterized to all orders of the flavor SU(3) breaking with the irreducible tensor technique in order to extract the contribution of each flavor quark to the magnetic moments of the octet baryons. The not-yet measured magnetic moment of ∑0 is predicted to be 0.649μN. Our parameterized forms for the magnetic moments are explicitly flavor-dependent, and hence each flavor component of the magnetic moments can be evaluated directly via the flavor projection operator. It is found that the strange magnetic moment of the nucleon is suppressed due to the small isoscalar anomalous magnetic moment of the nucleon. In particular, the strange magnetic form factor of the nucleon turns out to be positive, GNs(0)=0.428μN, which is consistent with recent data.
Magnetic moments of octet baryons are parameterized to all orders of the flavor SU(3) breaking with the irreducible tensor technique in order to extract the contribution of each flavor quark to the magnetic moments of the octet baryons. The not-yet measured magnetic moment of ∑0 is predicted to be 0.649μN. Our parameterized forms for the magnetic moments are explicitly flavor-dependent, and hence each flavor component of the magnetic moments can be evaluated directly via the flavor projection operator. It is found that the strange magnetic moment of the nucleon is suppressed due to the small isoscalar anomalous magnetic moment of the nucleon. In particular, the strange magnetic form factor of the nucleon turns out to be positive, GNs(0)=0.428μN, which is consistent with recent data.
2012, 36(5): 395-398. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/36/5/003
Abstract:
A simple model is designed to simulate, by using the mean free path method, the probability of Higgs boson production at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The probability that the colliding particles could get close to a given distance with different colliding energies is discussed in this model. Calculated results imply that the probability of producing a Higgs boson is near zero according to the existing theoretical mechanism for Higgs boson production.
A simple model is designed to simulate, by using the mean free path method, the probability of Higgs boson production at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The probability that the colliding particles could get close to a given distance with different colliding energies is discussed in this model. Calculated results imply that the probability of producing a Higgs boson is near zero according to the existing theoretical mechanism for Higgs boson production.
2012, 36(5): 399-402. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/36/5/004
Abstract:
The phenomenon of the near pp-threshold enhancement observed in the J=/ψ→γpp decay is studied by using the enhancement factor method with a simpler one-pion-exchange potential between p and p. The Jost function caused by the mentioned potential is perturbatively calculated in the zero-th order approximation, and the corresponding enhancement factor is obtained. It is found that such a final state interaction offers an important contribution to the decay width near the pp-threshold, although it is not large enough. To explain the decay data, a phenomenological factor G(p) with the form of 285500=(m π2+p2) should be introduced. A further calculation including the p-dependent bare T-matrix, a more realistic NN potential and the contribution from the higher-order wave functions would provide a better understanding of the decay data and even the existence of the baryonium pp. The near pp-threshold behavior of the decay width in the J=/ψ→π0pp process is also discussed.
The phenomenon of the near pp-threshold enhancement observed in the J=/ψ→γpp decay is studied by using the enhancement factor method with a simpler one-pion-exchange potential between p and p. The Jost function caused by the mentioned potential is perturbatively calculated in the zero-th order approximation, and the corresponding enhancement factor is obtained. It is found that such a final state interaction offers an important contribution to the decay width near the pp-threshold, although it is not large enough. To explain the decay data, a phenomenological factor G(p) with the form of 285500=(m π2+p2) should be introduced. A further calculation including the p-dependent bare T-matrix, a more realistic NN potential and the contribution from the higher-order wave functions would provide a better understanding of the decay data and even the existence of the baryonium pp. The near pp-threshold behavior of the decay width in the J=/ψ→π0pp process is also discussed.
2012, 36(5): 403-409. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/36/5/005
Abstract:
Based on a generalized Yang-Mills framework, gravitational and strong interactions can be unified in analogy with the unification in the electroweak theory. By gauging T(4)×[SU(3)]color in flat space-time, we have a unified model of chromo-gravity with a new tensor gauge field, which couples universally to all gluons, quarks and anti-quarks. The space-time translational gauge symmetry assures that all wave equations of quarks and gluons reduce to a Hamilton-Jacobi equation with the same effective Riemann metric tensors' in the geometric-optics (or classical) limit. The emergence of effective metric tensors in the classical limit is essential for the unified model to agree with experiments. The unified model suggests that all gravitational, strong and electroweak interactions appear to be dictated by gauge symmetries in the generalized Yang-Mills framework.
Based on a generalized Yang-Mills framework, gravitational and strong interactions can be unified in analogy with the unification in the electroweak theory. By gauging T(4)×[SU(3)]color in flat space-time, we have a unified model of chromo-gravity with a new tensor gauge field, which couples universally to all gluons, quarks and anti-quarks. The space-time translational gauge symmetry assures that all wave equations of quarks and gluons reduce to a Hamilton-Jacobi equation with the same effective Riemann metric tensors' in the geometric-optics (or classical) limit. The emergence of effective metric tensors in the classical limit is essential for the unified model to agree with experiments. The unified model suggests that all gravitational, strong and electroweak interactions appear to be dictated by gauge symmetries in the generalized Yang-Mills framework.
2012, 36(5): 410-422. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/36/5/006
Abstract:
The space-time evolution of the (1+1)-dimensional viscous hydrodynamics with an initial quark-gluon plasma (QGP) produced in ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions is studied numerically. The particle-emitting sources undergo a crossover transition from the QGP to hadronic gas. We take into account a usual shear viscosity for the strongly coupled QGP as well as the bulk viscosity which increases significantly in the crossover region. The two-pion Hanbury-Brown-Twiss (HBT) interferometry for the viscous hydrodynamic sources is performed. The HBT analyses indicate that the viscosity effect on the two-pion HBT results is small if only the shear viscosity is taken into consideration in the calculations. The bulk viscosity leads to a larger transverse freeze-out configuration of the pion-emitting sources, and thus increases the transverse HBT radii. The results of the longitudinal HBT radius for the source with Bjorken longitudinal scaling are consistent with the experimental data.
The space-time evolution of the (1+1)-dimensional viscous hydrodynamics with an initial quark-gluon plasma (QGP) produced in ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions is studied numerically. The particle-emitting sources undergo a crossover transition from the QGP to hadronic gas. We take into account a usual shear viscosity for the strongly coupled QGP as well as the bulk viscosity which increases significantly in the crossover region. The two-pion Hanbury-Brown-Twiss (HBT) interferometry for the viscous hydrodynamic sources is performed. The HBT analyses indicate that the viscosity effect on the two-pion HBT results is small if only the shear viscosity is taken into consideration in the calculations. The bulk viscosity leads to a larger transverse freeze-out configuration of the pion-emitting sources, and thus increases the transverse HBT radii. The results of the longitudinal HBT radius for the source with Bjorken longitudinal scaling are consistent with the experimental data.
2012, 36(5): 423-428. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/36/5/007
Abstract:
Azimuthal distributions of radial (transverse) momentum, mean radial momentum, and mean radial velocity of final-state particles are suggested for relativistic heavy ion collisions. Using the AMPT transport model with string melting, the distributions of Au+Au collisions at 200 GeV are presented and studied. It is demonstrated that the distribution of total radial momentum is more sensitive to the anisotropic expansion, as the anisotropies of final-state particles and their associated transverse momentums are both counted in the measurement. The mean radial velocity distribution is compared with the radial flow velocity. The thermal motion contributes an isotropic constant to the mean radial velocity.
Azimuthal distributions of radial (transverse) momentum, mean radial momentum, and mean radial velocity of final-state particles are suggested for relativistic heavy ion collisions. Using the AMPT transport model with string melting, the distributions of Au+Au collisions at 200 GeV are presented and studied. It is demonstrated that the distribution of total radial momentum is more sensitive to the anisotropic expansion, as the anisotropies of final-state particles and their associated transverse momentums are both counted in the measurement. The mean radial velocity distribution is compared with the radial flow velocity. The thermal motion contributes an isotropic constant to the mean radial velocity.
2012, 36(5): 429-433. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/36/5/008
Abstract:
A prototype multi-gap resistive plate chamber (MRPC) with a 2×6 gap structure is developed for the upgrading of the endcap time-of-flight (ETOF) detector in the Beijing Spectrometer (BESⅢ). The prototype MRPC is tested in the E3 beam line of the Beijing Electron Positron Collider (BEPC) with secondary charged particles (π and p, etc) of 600 MeV/c. The test results show that the time resolution of the MRPC can reach 50 ps and that the detection efficiency is greater than 98%.
A prototype multi-gap resistive plate chamber (MRPC) with a 2×6 gap structure is developed for the upgrading of the endcap time-of-flight (ETOF) detector in the Beijing Spectrometer (BESⅢ). The prototype MRPC is tested in the E3 beam line of the Beijing Electron Positron Collider (BEPC) with secondary charged particles (π and p, etc) of 600 MeV/c. The test results show that the time resolution of the MRPC can reach 50 ps and that the detection efficiency is greater than 98%.
2012, 36(5): 434-437. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/36/5/009
Abstract:
A boron-lined proportional counter (BLPC) with a count rate limit close to the multi-wire proportional counter was manufactured to measure the mixed field around reactors. After measurement with a standard Am-Be neutron source (activity: 100 mCi), the results show that the operating voltage of the BLPC is 800 V, the plateau length is 100 V and the slope is 13.2%/100 V. The width and rise time of the output pulse of the BLPC are 1.26 μs and 370 ns, respectively. When the BLPC works at a count rate of 1.0×105 count/s, the pulse pile-up probability of the BLPC is 3.6%. A clear peak can be seen in the pulse height spectrum of the BLPC. and the performances illustrate that a BLPC working in pulse mode can serve as a source range detector of reactors.
A boron-lined proportional counter (BLPC) with a count rate limit close to the multi-wire proportional counter was manufactured to measure the mixed field around reactors. After measurement with a standard Am-Be neutron source (activity: 100 mCi), the results show that the operating voltage of the BLPC is 800 V, the plateau length is 100 V and the slope is 13.2%/100 V. The width and rise time of the output pulse of the BLPC are 1.26 μs and 370 ns, respectively. When the BLPC works at a count rate of 1.0×105 count/s, the pulse pile-up probability of the BLPC is 3.6%. A clear peak can be seen in the pulse height spectrum of the BLPC. and the performances illustrate that a BLPC working in pulse mode can serve as a source range detector of reactors.
2012, 36(5): 438-442. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/36/5/010
Abstract:
A novel thermal neutron collimator was successfully fabricated by coating the inner surface of the capillary plate (CP) with gadolinium oxide using atomic layer deposition (ALD) technology. This CP-based collimator is efficient and compact. A numerical model is presented in the paper to estimate the main performance characteristics of the collimator and to optimize the design for specific applications. According to the results of the calculation based on currently available CPs, the FWHM of the collimator's rocking curve can be smaller than 0.15° while suppressing more than 99.9% of the incident thermal neutrons on the double wings of the curve. Such a coated CP is as thin as 1.25 mm or even thinner, providing high angular resolution with good transmission in a very limited space.
A novel thermal neutron collimator was successfully fabricated by coating the inner surface of the capillary plate (CP) with gadolinium oxide using atomic layer deposition (ALD) technology. This CP-based collimator is efficient and compact. A numerical model is presented in the paper to estimate the main performance characteristics of the collimator and to optimize the design for specific applications. According to the results of the calculation based on currently available CPs, the FWHM of the collimator's rocking curve can be smaller than 0.15° while suppressing more than 99.9% of the incident thermal neutrons on the double wings of the curve. Such a coated CP is as thin as 1.25 mm or even thinner, providing high angular resolution with good transmission in a very limited space.
2012, 36(5): 443-446. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/36/5/011
Abstract:
Due to the large eddy currents at the ends of the quadrupole magnets for CSNS/RCS, the magnetic field properties and the heat generation are of great concern. In this paper, we take transient electromagnetic simulation and make use of the eddy current loss from the transient electromagnetic results to perform thermal analysis. Through analysis of the simulated results, the magnetic field dynamic properties of these magnets and a temperature rise are achieved. Finally, the accuracy of the thermal analysis is confirmed by a test of the prototype quadrupole magnet of the RCS.
Due to the large eddy currents at the ends of the quadrupole magnets for CSNS/RCS, the magnetic field properties and the heat generation are of great concern. In this paper, we take transient electromagnetic simulation and make use of the eddy current loss from the transient electromagnetic results to perform thermal analysis. Through analysis of the simulated results, the magnetic field dynamic properties of these magnets and a temperature rise are achieved. Finally, the accuracy of the thermal analysis is confirmed by a test of the prototype quadrupole magnet of the RCS.
2012, 36(5): 447-451. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/36/5/012
Abstract:
This paper illustrates the design and simulation of a unique 500 MHz single-cell superconducting radio frequency cavity with a fluted beam pipe and a coaxial-type fundamental power coupler. The simulation results show that the cavity has a high r/Q value, a low peak surface field and a large beam aperture, so it can be a candidate cavity for high current accelerators. With the help of a fluted beam tube, almost all the higher order modes can propagate out of the cavity, especially the first two dipole modes, TE111 and TM110, and the first higher monopole mode, TM011. The external quality factor of the coaxial fundamental power coupler is optimized to 1.2×105, which will be useful when it is applied in the light source storage ring.
This paper illustrates the design and simulation of a unique 500 MHz single-cell superconducting radio frequency cavity with a fluted beam pipe and a coaxial-type fundamental power coupler. The simulation results show that the cavity has a high r/Q value, a low peak surface field and a large beam aperture, so it can be a candidate cavity for high current accelerators. With the help of a fluted beam tube, almost all the higher order modes can propagate out of the cavity, especially the first two dipole modes, TE111 and TM110, and the first higher monopole mode, TM011. The external quality factor of the coaxial fundamental power coupler is optimized to 1.2×105, which will be useful when it is applied in the light source storage ring.
2012, 36(5): 452-455. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/36/5/013
Abstract:
The tuning process of the three-dimensional electric field near the beam axis is very important in the optimization of the Interdigital H-mode Drift Tube Linac (IH-DTL). The tuning of the longitudinal field distribution, the Kilpatrik (Kp) factor, and the transverse dipole field have been discussed in detail, combined with the radio-frequency tuning process of the 53.667 MHz short IH-DTL cavity, which was designed to accelerate 238U34+ from 0.143 MeV/u to 0.289 MeV/u in the SSC-Linac injector project at the Institute of Modern Physics. The flatness criterion and the tube tuning method are discussed in order to meet the beam dynamics requirements. In the tube tuning process, the energy gain error in the cells should be reduced to less than ±2%, and the Kp factor should be reduced to 1.6. The transverse dipole field and the method that uses a "plunger" to dismiss this dipole field are evaluated. The experience gained from the first cavity optimization benefits the tuning process of the three remaining IH-DTL cavities in the SSC-Linac project.
The tuning process of the three-dimensional electric field near the beam axis is very important in the optimization of the Interdigital H-mode Drift Tube Linac (IH-DTL). The tuning of the longitudinal field distribution, the Kilpatrik (Kp) factor, and the transverse dipole field have been discussed in detail, combined with the radio-frequency tuning process of the 53.667 MHz short IH-DTL cavity, which was designed to accelerate 238U34+ from 0.143 MeV/u to 0.289 MeV/u in the SSC-Linac injector project at the Institute of Modern Physics. The flatness criterion and the tube tuning method are discussed in order to meet the beam dynamics requirements. In the tube tuning process, the energy gain error in the cells should be reduced to less than ±2%, and the Kp factor should be reduced to 1.6. The transverse dipole field and the method that uses a "plunger" to dismiss this dipole field are evaluated. The experience gained from the first cavity optimization benefits the tuning process of the three remaining IH-DTL cavities in the SSC-Linac project.
2012, 36(5): 456-463. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/36/5/014
Abstract:
An RF pulse compressor is a device used to convert a long RF pulse to a short one with a much higher peak RF magnitude. SLED can be regarded as the earliest RF pulse compressor to be used in large-scale linear accelerators. It has been widely studied around the world and applied in the BEPC and BEPCⅡ linac for many years. During routine operation, error and jitter effects will deteriorate the performance of SLED, either on the output electromagnetic wave amplitude or phase. The error effects mainly include the frequency drift induced by cooling water temperature variation and the frequency/Q0/β unbalances between the two energy storage cavities caused by mechanical fabrication or microwave tuning. The jitter effects refer to the PSK switching phase and time jitters. In this paper, we re-derive the generalized formulae for the conventional SLED used in the BEPCⅡ linac, and the error and jitter effects on SLED performance are also investigated.
An RF pulse compressor is a device used to convert a long RF pulse to a short one with a much higher peak RF magnitude. SLED can be regarded as the earliest RF pulse compressor to be used in large-scale linear accelerators. It has been widely studied around the world and applied in the BEPC and BEPCⅡ linac for many years. During routine operation, error and jitter effects will deteriorate the performance of SLED, either on the output electromagnetic wave amplitude or phase. The error effects mainly include the frequency drift induced by cooling water temperature variation and the frequency/Q0/β unbalances between the two energy storage cavities caused by mechanical fabrication or microwave tuning. The jitter effects refer to the PSK switching phase and time jitters. In this paper, we re-derive the generalized formulae for the conventional SLED used in the BEPCⅡ linac, and the error and jitter effects on SLED performance are also investigated.
2012, 36(5): 464-468. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/36/5/015
Abstract:
As part of the design and machining of the RFQ accelerator in the Compact Pulsed Hadron Source (CPHS) project at Tsinghua University, the design process of the undercuts and dipole stabilizer rods is presented in this paper. In particular, the relationship between the inter-vane voltage slope and the local frequency of the undercut section is described quantitatively. With the identification of modes existing in the cavity, the specific parameters are optimized by the SUPERFISH and MAFIA codes. In addition, the water-cooling requirement of the dipole stabilizer rods is briefly discussed.
As part of the design and machining of the RFQ accelerator in the Compact Pulsed Hadron Source (CPHS) project at Tsinghua University, the design process of the undercuts and dipole stabilizer rods is presented in this paper. In particular, the relationship between the inter-vane voltage slope and the local frequency of the undercut section is described quantitatively. With the identification of modes existing in the cavity, the specific parameters are optimized by the SUPERFISH and MAFIA codes. In addition, the water-cooling requirement of the dipole stabilizer rods is briefly discussed.
2012, 36(5): 469-474. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/36/5/016
Abstract:
A proposed compact ERL test facility at IHEP, Beijing, is presented in this paper, and includes the design parameters, the essential lattice, and the key components features, such as the photocathode DC gun and the CW superconducting accelerating structures. Some important beam physics issues such as the space charge effect, the coherent synchrotron radiation (CSR) effect and the beam break-up (BBU) effect are briefly described with the simulation results.
A proposed compact ERL test facility at IHEP, Beijing, is presented in this paper, and includes the design parameters, the essential lattice, and the key components features, such as the photocathode DC gun and the CW superconducting accelerating structures. Some important beam physics issues such as the space charge effect, the coherent synchrotron radiation (CSR) effect and the beam break-up (BBU) effect are briefly described with the simulation results.
2012, 36(5): 475-478. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/36/5/017
Abstract:
A cesium telluride (Cs2Te) photocathode with a quantum efficiency of 13% at 253.7 nm (radiant incidence 200 μ/cm2) is fabricated by tellurium and cesium vapor deposition onto a stainless-steel substrate. The cesium telluride cathode will be used to provide a high-brightness electron beam source for the 3+1/2 photo-injector at Peking University. The design of the system, the fabrication procedures and the preliminary experimental results are presented in this paper.
A cesium telluride (Cs2Te) photocathode with a quantum efficiency of 13% at 253.7 nm (radiant incidence 200 μ/cm2) is fabricated by tellurium and cesium vapor deposition onto a stainless-steel substrate. The cesium telluride cathode will be used to provide a high-brightness electron beam source for the 3+1/2 photo-injector at Peking University. The design of the system, the fabrication procedures and the preliminary experimental results are presented in this paper.
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